Data from CBS Aphyllophorales database

P. philippinensis Berk.

Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 1 (1842) 148; Ryvarden and Johansen, Prel. Polyp. Fl. E. Africa (1980) 502.

? Leucoporus hirtolineatus Pat., Annls Jard. bot. Buitenz., Suppl. 1 (1897) 111.

Pileus -10 cm in radius, pleuropodal, horizontal or ascending, flabelliform, rugulose-scabrid, even subporoid, to scabrid towards the base, cinnamon-orange, sometimes suffused fuscous or fuliginous; margin entire. Stem short, thick, with discoid base, concolorous, not blackening. Tubes -5 mm long, of uneven depth in the flesh, pale orange; pores 1-3 x 0.5-1.7 mm, becoming bristly with hyphal pegs, often more or less irpicoid (especially on ascending pilei), orange to pale cinnamon-orange. Flesh 3-10 mm thick, very tough, pale orange; no crust.

On dead wood in the forest. Malesia, not infrequent.

Spores 5-7 x 2.3-2.7(-3) µm, white, smooth, ellipsoid, often 2-guttulate, not amyloid.

Hyphae not or slightly dextrinoid. Generative hyphae clamped. Skeletal cells 80-600 x 4-7 µm (3-5 µm in the dissepiments), walls -1.5 x µm, thick, glassy; binding processes 1 subapical, 1 sub-basal, 0-1 (-2) lateral but 2-3 lateral on the short skeletal cells, mostly simple.

Collections: Singapore, Bukit Timah, 10 Nov. 1929, Sing. F.N. 23173; April 1943, Corner 861. = Johore, Gunong Panti, July 1929, Corner s.n. - Negri Sembilan, Angsi Forest, 3 Sept. 1930, Corner s.n. - Pahang, Fraser's Hill, 29 Nov. 1930, Corner s.n. (pileus fuscous fuliginous); Tembeling, 4 Nov. 1930, Corner 862.

1 refer this to P. philippinensis because Ryvarden and Johansen emphasize the rough surface of the pileus. It used to pass as Favolus junhuhnii and F. princeps in the Singapore herbarium. Living specimens are easily recognised from the orange colour. Unfortunately I have been unable to recover my original notes. The species is part of a complex which, in the extreme of small pores, verges into P. grammocephalus. I distinguish 5 varieties.

Key to the varieties of P. philippinensis

l. Pores 0.5 mm wide or more. Tubes 3-5 mm long, Flesh 3-10 mm thick, pale orange. Hyphal pegs abundand.

2. Pores 4-10 x 1.5-2.5 mm, Pileus radially streaked, ferruginous. Spores 5.5-7 x 2.5-3,3 µm var. A;

2. Pores 1-3 x 0.5-1.7 mm, Spores 5-7 x 2.3-2,7 µm....... var. philippinensis

1. Pores smaller, not or scarcely radially elongate, Tubes -1.5 mm long. Flesh -3 mm thick.

3. Pores 90-120 µm wide, Flesh pale orange. Pileus fuscous orange brown, smooth. Hyphal pegs few or none, Spores 6-7 x 2.3-2,5 µm. var. D

3, Pores wider. Hyphal pegs more or less abundant. Flesh white, Spores 7-7.5 x 2-2.5 µm,

4. Pores 300-400 µm wide. Pileus ochraceous, smooth. var. B

4. Pores 130-200 µm wide, Pileus fuscous brown, then suffused orange-cinnamon, scabrid towards the base. var. C

var. A

Pileus -5.5 cm radius, flabelliform, radially streaked, slightly uneven towards the base, ferruginous bay. Stem -8 mm long and wide, lateral, subtomentose, faintly poroid on the lower side, orange, the base subdiscoid. Tubes -3.5 mm long abrupt at the stem-apex, orange; pores 410 x 1.5-2.5 mm, radially elongate, large, edges dentate, dissepiments rather thick, dark orange brown; hyphal pegs abundant. Flesh 4-6 mm thick at the base of the pileus, coriaceous, pale orange.

On a fallen trunk in the forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mahmud R., 1300 alt., 5 Aug. 1961, Corner s.n.

Spores 5.5-7 x 2.5-3.3 µm, subcylindric. Cystidia none. Hyphal pegs -200 x 30-50 µm. Hyphae as in var. philippinensis; binding processes -400 µm long, 1-3 times furcate, very intricate (but the tissue easily falling apart on dissection); in the dissepiments at first descending.

Surface of pileus unspecialised, with scattered conical processes like hyphal pegs. Surface of stem with a slight outgrowth of hyphae as incipient dissepiments.

var. B

Pileus -5 cm in radius, pleuropodal, smooth, ochraceous. Stem -15 mm long, with discoid base -15 mm wide. Tubes -1.5 mm long, pallid ochraceous; pores 300-400 µm wide, not or scarcely radially elongate, dissepiments 100-250 µm thick, rich fulvous ochraceous; hyphal pegs abundant. Flesh coriaceous, white.

On a fallen trunk in the forest. Solomon Islands, Kolombangara, 700 m alt., 7 Sept. 1965, RSS 1336.

Microscopically as var. C; binding processes simple. This approaches P. grammocephalus.

var. C

Pileus -6 cm in radius, -13.5 cm wide, more or less scabrid to scabrid subreticulate at the base, innately streaked, fuscous sepia to fuscous brown then suffused orange-cinnamon from the base. Stem short, lateral, with subdiscoid base, pale ochraceous. Tubes -1 mm long, pale cream; pores 130-200 µm wide, subcircular, dissepiments 50100 µm thick, white then suffused pale orange to orange-cinnamon from the stem-apex to the margin of the pileus; hyphal pegs sparse to abundant. Flesh very tough, white.

On dead trunks in the forest. New Guinea, Solomon Islands.

Spores 7-7.5 x 2-2.5 µm. Basidia fertile only near the pore-mouths. Hyphae not dextrinoid. Skeletal cells 150-600 x 3-5 µm walls -1.5 µm thick, glassy; binding processes -400 µm long, simple or rarely once furcate, 1 subapical, 1 sub-basal, 0(-1) lateral. Surface of pileus without a crust.

Collections: New Guinea, Lae, 31 Aug. and 3 Sept. 1960, Corner s.n. - Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Monitor Creek, 9-10 July 1965, RSS 646 and 646A; 9 July 1965, RSS 649.

Young specimens with fuscous brownish pileus and white to pale cream pores suggest P. grammocephalus, but the orange colour typical of P. philippinensis pervades the mature fruit-bodies.

var. D

Pileus -4 cm in radius, 5 cm wide, pleuropodal, spathulate-flabelliform, smooth, fuscous orange brown. Stem 5 x 2.5 mm, lateral, short, with a discoid pulvinate base 5-6 mm wide, concolorous. Tubes 0.4 mm long, orange cinnamon; pores 90-120 µm wide, subcircular, dissepiments 50-110 x thick, orange cinnamon; hyphal pegs none or few and minute. Flesh 2.5-3 mm thick, tough, pale orange cinnamon.

On a log in the forest. Borneo, Sandakan, Sepilok Forest, 14 Aug. 1960, Corner s.n.

Spores 6-7 x 2.3-2.5 µm. Hyphae as in var. philippinensis.

POLYPORUS PHILIPPINENSIS Berk.

Hook. Lond. J. Bot. L. 148, 1842 (K:).

FRUITBODY annual, solitary or in clusters, pileate, dimidiate, spathulate or flabelliform with a contracted or tapering base and may appear semistipitate, up to 10 cm wide and long, 3-4 mm thick at the base, rather hard when dry. PILEUS pale ochcraceous to tan or pale brown, radial striae present as fine lines towards the margin, towards the base as distinct incised and scrupose sharp veins or ridges, often with a scrupose surface of tufted hyphae in between, margin entire, often deflexed in dry specimens. PORE SURFACE ochraceous to pale brown, pores angular, distinctly elongated radially, 0.5-1 mm wide, 1-3 mm long, tubes concolorous with pore surface, up to 2 mm thick. CONTEXT ochraceous, homogeneous, up to 2 mm thick.

HYPHAL SYSTEM dimitic, generative hyphae hyaline, 2-4 µm wide and with clamps, binding hyphae of the Bovista-type dominate the fruitbody, moderately branched in the lower part and resembling skeletal hyphae, strongly branched in the upper part, solid and pale golden-yellow. SPORES not seen.

HABITAT. On deciduous wood. DISTRIBUTION. Eastern Asia and specimens have been examined from The Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea.

P. philippinensis Berk. Fig. 15 Hooker London J. Bot. L:148,1842. Favolus fibrillosus Lév., Ann. Sci. Nat. 111,2:201, 1844. Leucoporus hirtolineatus Pat., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitens. Suppl. 1:111, 1897. Hexagonia luzonensis Murr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 31:331, 1908. Leucoporus ameides Pat., Phill. Sci. Ser. C. Bot. 10:89, 1915. Polystictus tenuiculus Lloyd, Lloyd Mycol. Writ. 7:1156, 1915. Favolus glandulosus Lloyd, Lloyd Mycol. Writ. 7:1156, 1922. F. lagunae Lloyd, Lloyd Mycol. Writ. 7:1157, 1922. F. scabro-lineatus Lloyd, Lloyd Mycol. Writ.7: 1157, 1922. F. samoensis Lloyd, Lloyd Mycol. Writ. 7:1194, 1923. Basidiocarps annual, laterally stipitate; pileus flabelliform, up to 7 cm wide and 4 mm thick, upper surface cream to tan or pale brown, radially fibrillose, usually with darker squamules towards the base; pore surface straw-coloured to pale brown; pores 1-2 per mm, round when young, elongated with age and then partly split, decurrent on the stipe; context cream to ochraceous, up to 4 mm thick; stipe short, up to 1 cm long and 4 mm thick, concolorous with the pileus, glabrous, usually attached to the substratum by a mycelial mat.

Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae with scattered clamps, up to 4 mm wide, forming a cutis both on the stipe and pilear surfaces; skeleto-binding hyphae hyaline to yellowish, solid or with a lumen up to 10 mm, usually with straight walls. Basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate, 18-25 x 5-8 mm. Basidiospores oblong ellipsoid to subellipsoid, (4.5)6-8(10) x 2.5-3 mm, varying in size in the same basidiocarp.

Cultural characteristics. Stalpers 1978, De 1977, De & Roy 1981.

Substrata. Dead hardwood.

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical zones, rare in Africa.